After Multi-Victim Attacks in Sausalito by Two Pit Bulls, Marin Humane Society Refused to Seize Dogs for Bite Quarantine

Neighbors and witnesses testified at a Sausalito city council meeting held on February 11.

Outraged Neighbors
Sausalito, CA - On January 21, two subcontractors were mauled by a pair of pit bulls on Currey Lane. A third man was chased onto the bed of his truck by the dogs. The attacks occurred on the same day at two separate times, the morning and afternoon. After each attack, the dogs were returned to the owner's home, where they had escaped from previously. Marin Humane Society (MHS), the contracting agency for animal control, refused to seize the dogs for bite quarantine.

On February 11, Sausalito Police Chief John Rohrbacher gave a community update of the "incident on Currey Lane" at a city council meeting. Dennis Webb, the owner of Webb Construction, whose three workers were attacked, provided testimony along with Kay Moore, who was viciously attacked by these same dogs in 2016. "They smashed me down to the cement, bit my arm and they took my dog Poppy by the neck and wouldn’t release her," Moore testified.

The 22-minute video of the meeting shows this testimony and highlights the refusal of Marin Humane Society to seize these dogs, using a home quarantine "option" instead. The home quarantine "option" is not acceptable after multi-victim attacks, which sent two people to the hospital. Using this "option," MHS left these volatile dogs in the control of an irresponsible owner who consistently failed to properly contain them. This is a major dereliction of duty by MHS.

As we write this post, these two pit bulls remain at Daniel Meyer's home on Currey Lane, awaiting a Potentially Dangerous and Vicious Dog hearing set for March 24.1 Notably, Meyer is a public defender for the city of San Francisco. Meyer claimed his at large dogs were only trying to protect his home from intruders and alleged the subcontractors were trying to "break into his home." Meyer also provided photographs of his two vicious dogs dressed up like Santa clowns to KPIX.

Three weeks ago, Meyer was served with a 60-day eviction notice, which is due on or about the date of the vicious dog hearing. Neighbors report the dogs have escaped Meyer's home twice since the initial home quarantine period and they continue to be afraid to get their mail. "We are all petrified, especially the older folks," Webb told KPIX. "Our workers are carrying around pepper spray and people can’t walk down the street without the fear of being attacked," Webb said.


Pit bull injuries Sausalito dog attack

Some of the injuries inflicted by two loose pit bulls on Currey Lane on January 21, 2020.


February 11 Meeting

Police Chief John Rohrbacher opens the video and provides an overview of the "Currey Lane incident." Both subcontractors had to be taken to the hospital for emergency care. Sausalito police and MHS responded to the scene, along with paramedics and firefighters. MHS submitted "petitions" (similar to a police report) to the district attorney's office, and Rohrbacher estimated a Potentially Dangerous and Vicious Dog hearing would be scheduled in the next two weeks.

Attorneys working for the Consumer Protection Unit of the Marin County District Attorney's Office will be the hearing officers, Rohrbacher said.

"I know people are very concerned," he said, but our department does not have kennels, which is why we contract with the humane society. "I do understand that people are upset," he reiterated. "It's not that we disagree, but there is a process for this to go forward. The owner knows that if those dogs get out and they are impounded by the humane society, he's not going to get them back until the hearing is over. He has a vested interest in making sure those dogs are secure."


Why is the public's safety in the hands of an irresponsible dog owner whose pit bulls have gotten loose multiple times, attacked four people and one dog already, who alleges the subcontractors were trying to break into his home, and who dresses up his vicious dogs like Santa clowns to gain public sympathy? Rohrbacher delivered a powerful statement, but it is undeniable the system is broken for dog bite victims and all angles point to the dereliction of duty by Marin Humane Society.


During Webb's testimony (7:55), he stated that four years ago he was bitten badly by a dog and so were about a dozen other people in Sausalito. "They were documented, they are confirmed and there are case numbers," Webb testified. The serial biting dog "Sparky" belongs to Cheryl Popp, who is a board member for Marin Humane Society.2 Webb said that after every biting incident, "nothing happened." Nobody is enforcing dog bites here in Sausalito, Webb told city council.

"Recently, two of my men got mauled," he said, at "two different times of the day." In the morning, Sean or his assistant drove him to the hospital. In the afternoon, Jose Alvarez was taken away by ambulance. There are rules, regulations and ordinances that say that if two dog bites happen [and they are puncture bites], the dogs must be immediately removed. "These are ordinances from the animal control department. They are not even following their own ordinances," Webb stated.

"Numerous emails, numerous phone calls -- nothing. To the humane society, to the police department. They don't know how to handle it."

"The gentleman who owns these dogs is a public defender in San Francisco. His name is Daniel Meyer. He is 35-years old," Webb continued. "He's had six dog bites. Two of them two weeks ago, one of them three years ago, and a couple of them scattered in between." These dogs have been seen loose on multiple streets. We’ve asked animal control, "Can you check the property for a breach?" They will not check. We've asked the police department to check for a breach too.

Watch: On January 30, Webb films Jose on site as he recounts the vicious dog attack.

Moore's testimony (11:40) is also powerful. She and her pug named "Poppy" were walking up Currey Lane. One of Meyer's friends, who had the dogs out, started screaming at her, 'Pick up your dog,' Moore said, "showing that he knew these dogs were dangerous." Before I could even pick up my dog, "These dogs were on top of me," she said. "They slammed me down to the cement. They bit my arm. They took my dog Poppy by the neck. They wouldn't release her."

Moore, who is older and petite, was extremely traumatized by the attack. "Honestly, to this day, I still suffer from PTSD," Moore said. "This was a horrible incident. Dan Meyer had the opportunity to do something about this and he has not done anything. It's just a matter of time before these dogs take out a child and kill the child." No information was provided about what did or did not happen to Meyer and his two pit bulls after the 2016 attack. We hope that Moore sued him.

Lastly, we will touch on the testimony of Bob Stafford. Seizing a biting dog is not the same as "taking property." Dogs are only a property of "a qualified nature." Thus dogs are "subject to the police power of the State, and might be destroyed or otherwise dealt with, as in the judgment of the legislature is necessary for the protection of its citizens." This legal issue has been settled law for over one hundred years (Sentell v. New Orleans & Carrollton R. Co. - 166 U.S. 698, 1897).

"When the humane society comes and talks to you, you'd think they were Constitutional scholars. They pull out an iPad that shows the 4th Amendment on it. As you may know, the 4th Amendment prohibits arbitrary search and seizure of your home, which is your castle. The problem is, in that 4th Amendment, which I'd be happy to read to you at your leisure, even though it is very short, is that it has two key provisions. Probable Cause and [supported by oath or affirmation] -- anyway, they are both met in this situation. Somehow the humane society, which I think is the issue here, has in my opinion a faulty interpretation of the 4th Amendment where they are paralyzed. And unless you have the ability to take a video of a dog while he is attacking you, instead of defending yourself, they do not think there is any evidence. So, to me the issue is broader than our situation, it is the policy the humane society has." - Resident Bob Stafford

If a "warrant or other legal documentation" is needed "to enter" a home to seize a dog after multiple biting incidents for bite quarantine, then Marin Humane Society should have obtained this warrant and executed it. After the second attack on January 21, these dogs should have been confiscated for a 10-day bite quarantine and held by MHS until the outcome of the vicious dog hearing without exception. Instead, residents are expected to be "sitting ducks" for these dogs.

For legal clarification, we reached out to California dog bite attorney Kenneth Phillips, whose legal practice is dedicated to only dog bite cases. "Humane officers in California have law enforcement powers for issues pertaining to animals," Phillips wrote to us. "They have the power to enforce these laws and to investigate situations of animal neglect or cruelty, including issuing citations, collecting evidence, confiscating animals and property, making arrests and appearing in court."3


Kay Moore - pit bull attack sausalito

Kay Moore suffered multiple puncture injuries and bruising in the 2016 attack. One of Meyer's pit bulls also grabbed Poppy by the neck, ripping through her harness, and would not let go.


Summary

In California, humane enforcement officers have law enforcement powers for issues pertaining to animals, including confiscating animals and property, making arrests and appearing in court. As Police Chief Rohrbacher states in the video, home quarantine is an "option" not a mandate. After the second attack on January 21, these dogs should have been confiscated for a 10-day bite quarantine and held by MHS until the outcome of the vicious dog hearing without exception.

California is also a strict-liability state. We hope that Webb's workers file lawsuits against Daniel Meyer. As Webb indicated during the meeting, "close to half a million dollars" in damages have been inflicted by "Sparky," a dog belonging to a board member of Marin Humane Society, which has bitten numerous people in the past. Clearly, MHS has failed to carry out their animal control contract with the city of Sausalito. The only question that remains is if MHS can be sued for this?

"Sparky" is a serial biter. Meyer's two pit bulls are too. Webb stated that Meyer's dogs were responsible for about six different bites, yet only now are they facing a Potentially Dangerous and Vicious Dog hearing. It is unknown if Popp's dog ever faced a similar hearing, the same dog she is holding in her Marin Humane Society board member photo. The conflict of interest regarding "Sparky" and MHS being the contracting animal control agency could not be more evident.

Finally, the Potentially Dangerous and Vicious Dog hearing scheduled for March 24 should be interesting. If Meyer's dogs are declared "potentially dangerous" or "vicious" all Meyer has to do is move to a different county, say San Francisco County, and any court ordered provisions, such as mandatory muzzling when off property, will be muted. Meyer's dogs will no doubt eventually wind up in that city's vicious dog hearing process as well, and the legal process will start all over again.

Pit Bulls belonging to Daniel Meyer, marin humane society

Attorney Daniel Meyer's two pit bulls involved in the January 21 multi-attacks on Currey Lane.

Dennis Webb and police chief, marin humane society

Police Chief John Rohrbacher and Dennis Webb spoke at the February city council meeting.

1Back in February, Cindy Machado of Marin Humane Society said the multi-victim attack "seems to meet the definition of a potentially dangerous animal case." No, by definition, as well as including the 2016 attack, this meets the definition of a vicious dog case. 6.04.181 Potentially dangerous and vicious dogs.
2Cheryl Popp was appointed to the board of Marin Humane Society in 2019.
3From April 26 to May 1, 2020 Marin Humane Society is hosting, "Animal Law Enforcement Training Academy (Advanced)" for the Animal Law Enforcement Training Academies by the California Animal Welfare Association. This is an "intensive forty-hour study of investigation procedures as they relate to California anti-cruelty and anti-neglect laws and includes such topics such as search warrants, evidence collection and preservation, crime scene photography, advanced report-writing, court case preparations, and crime scene scenario investigations." Marin Humane Society is a "go to" organization regarding California state law for humane officers. Yet, in this case they claimed they had no confiscation powers, thus the only option was to home quarantine after multi-victim attacks.

Related articles:
05/28/19: Conflict of Interest: San Francisco Animal Control and Virginia Donohue
12/06/18: San Francisco Animal Control: Vicious and Dangerous Dogs Unleashed

2020 Dog Bite Fatality: Woman Killed by Two Family Pit Bulls Belonging to Her Son in Shreveport, Louisiana


Geraldine Hamlin, 64, died after two family pit bulls attacked her in Shreveport.

Family Dogs Kill Woman
Shreveport, LA - On Friday night, a Shreveport news station reported that a 64-year old woman died after being attacked by two family pit bulls in her home. The attack occurred Thursday evening at her residence in the 2900 block of 7th Street in the MLK neighborhood. According to Shreveport police, the homeowner's son came home to find his pit bulls standing over his mother. The dogs had inflicted multiple bites on her arms. Animal control took both pit bulls into custody.

The Caddo Parish Coroner's office later identified the victim as Geraldine Hamlin. She was attacked by the pit bulls about 10:00 pm Thursday, February 27 inside her home. She was taken to Ochsner LSU Health hospital, where she died of her injuries early Friday morning. An autopsy is scheduled to be performed at the same medical center. No other information has been released, including how long the family had owned the dogs and whether she was alone during the attack.

Sunday Updates

Geraldine Hamlin shared her home with her son and the dogs, Shreveport Police Corporal Angie Willhite confirmed Saturday. "Her son had been gone and when he arrived back at the house he found his mother with multiple dog bite injuries to her arms," Willhite said. The victim knew the two dogs well. "I believe they had owned them for four years is what I've been told," Willhite said. "The pets were no strangers to the family," she said. It's unknown why the family pit bulls attacked.

pit bulls kill Shreveport

One the of the victim's sons shows two pit bulls on his Facebook page, posted in 2019.

pit bulls kill Shreveport

Home on 7th Street where a 64-year old woman was killed by family pit bulls in Shreveport.

map iconView the DogsBite.org Google Map: Louisiana Fatal Pit Bull Maulings.

Related articles:
01/11/18: 2018 Dog Bite Fatality: Woman Killed by Pit Bull at Pet Boarding Facility in Louisiana


Baseline reporting requirements:
Law enforcement departments across the United States should release consistent "baseline" information to the media and the public after each fatal dog mauling, including these items.

2020 Dog Bite Fatality: Suspected Fatal Pit Bull Mauling in Crawford County, Georgia

crawford county pit bull mauling
Lee Becham, 76, died after being brutally attacked by pit bulls in Crawford County.

Manslaughter Charges
UPDATE 03/10/20: A couple has been arrested in connection to the mauling death of a 76-year old man last month, the Crawford County sheriff said Tuesday. Samuel Arthur Brown, 55, and Angel Ann Brown, 52, were arrested on involuntary manslaughter charges after Lee Becham was discovered dead in the yard of his residence in the 1900 block of Marshall Mill Road on February 23. The autopsy results showed Becham died of "traumatic injuries due to dog attack."

Authorities later seized three dogs from the Brown's care, a pair of pit bulls and a Labrador retriever-mix, Sheriff Lewis Walker confirmed. Currently, the Browns are "awaiting their first appearance hearing at the time of this press release," Walker stated Tuesday. The last felony charges related to a fatal dog mauling in Georgia occurred in December after three pit bulls viciously attacked 47-year old Lorena Cordova on September 16 in Gwinnett County.

WMAZ spoke to Walker, who said, "As this investigation took its course, there wasn't any disagreements about the involvements the dogs had in it." The Browns reside on Atkinson Road, just feet away from Becham's home. WMAZ also spoke to Monty Beverely, who previously shot at the dogs to defend himself. "We all just want justice done," he said. "It's just a horrible way to die." The judge set the couple's bond at $20,000 each. Their next court date is set for May 22.

A Crawford County couple appears in court Tuesday in connection with a fatal dog mauling.

crawford county

Two pit bulls and a Labrador seen on the Facebook page of the girlfriend of the owner's son.


03/05/20: Preliminary Autopsy Results
Preliminary autopsy results show that a 76-year old man found mauled and dead last month died of injuries he sustained in a dog attack. "The preliminary autopsy results for Lee Alvin Becham was traumatic injuries due to dog attack," Sheriff Lewis Walker stated in an updated March 5 press release. "Three dogs that are suspected in this case have been removed from their owners." Becham was discovered dead in the yard of his home on Marshall Mill Road on February 23.

Deputy Coroner Kenneth Winslett pronounced Becham dead at the scene. On February 24, Coroner Sheldon Mattox confirmed that Becham had "severe dog bite marks" on both of his extremities. According to family members, the three dogs, all described as pit bulls, approached investigators at the scene growling, but the suspected dogs were not taken into custody at that time. Walker said that no canines would be seized until a cause of death was determined.

02/27/20: Victim was a War Veteran
There has been no new information since February 24. At that time, Sheriff Lewis Walker said the Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) would conduct the autopsy. Many times, the GBI takes over the investigation of a fatal dog mauling in rural Georgia jurisdictions. This law enforcement agency has seen many of these cases. We hope the same is true after the death of 76-year old Lee Becham. He died after being brutally attacked in his own yard by one or more loose pit bulls.

A relative provided unconfirmed information on the WMAZ Facebook post several days ago. She said the dogs approached officials growling at the crime scene while they were investigating. She commented on how the dogs were not killed or quarantined and wondered why. To answer her question, it is unheard of for law enforcement to not seize suspected dogs after a death shows "severe dog bite marks." These dogs are routinely seized before autopsy results are known.

Becham served in the U.S. Army and was a Vietnam War veteran, according to his obituary. He went on to attend technical school and began working as a plumber's apprentice in Lizella. He later established his own business, "Becham Plumbing." He worked for over four decades and eventually became a certified plumber inspector. Becham loved the outdoors, working in his yard and riding his Harley Davidson. His celebration of life service will be held Saturday afternoon.

Friday Evening Update

On Friday evening, WGXA reported that GBI has completed the autopsy of 76-year old Lee Becham. The man was discovered dead in his yard covered in "severe dog bite marks" last week. Crawford County Sheriff Lewis Walker said the cause of death would not be released because this is an ongoing investigation. When Becham was found unresponsive in his yard on February 23, sheriff's officials declined to seize the suspected three or four pit bulls belonging to a neighbor.


02/24/20: Sheriff's News Release
Crawford County, GA - Earlier today, Crawford County Sheriff Lewis Walker confirmed that a 76-year old man was found unresponsive in his own yard in the 1900 block of Marshall Mill Road on February 23 at about 5:08 pm. Deputy Coroner Kenneth Winslett pronounced Lee Alvin Becham dead at the scene. There were "signs of bite marks" on his body, Walker said. Coroner Sheldon Mattox later confirmed that Becham had severe dog bite marks on both of his extremities.

Neighbors said that a pack of pit bulls have been a problem in the area. The man even had to shoot at the dogs last week. An autopsy is being conducted to determine his cause of death. Google Earth shows that on a property close to Becham's home, there appears to be a "yard" of pit bulls. Those look like chaining circles in the photograph and at the side of each is a doghouse or barrel. This is a common set up for breeders of fighting dogs; we call them crop circles.

Evening Updates

County officials said that three or four pit bulls live next-door to Becham's home, reports WMAZ. Neighbor Monty Beverly said the dogs have been problematic since the owners moved in less than a year ago. He was forced to fetch his shotgun to ward off one of the dogs. He eventually shot at one to defend himself and his wife. Beverly was Becham's neighbor and his friend. "If I knew them dogs were going to jump on my buddy down there, he'd be a dead dog," he said.

The Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) will conduct the autopsy. "He did have bite marks on his body," Sheriff Lewis Walker said, so we are going to send his body to the GBI crime lab. The autopsy has been rescheduled for Tuesday morning, Coroner Maddox said. Currently, none of the canines have been seized. Walker said they would not take the dogs until a cause of death is determined. This is apparently under the assumption the dogs will still be around at that time.



crawford county pit bull operation

A nearby property appears to show chaining circles for at least a dozen staked out pit bulls.

View typical "yards" of fighting dogs we have collected over the years here and here.

map iconView the DogsBite.org Google Map: Georgia Fatal Pit Bull Maulings.

Related articles:
12/27/19: 2019 Dog Bite Fatality: Woman Dies After Vicious Dog Attack in Dacula, Georgia


Baseline reporting requirements:
Law enforcement departments across the United States should release consistent "baseline" information to the media and the public after each fatal dog mauling, including these items.

The City and County of Denver Dog Bite Statistics by Breed and Injury Severity Over a Three Year Period (2017-2019)

Denver dog bites statistics
Denver dog bite statistics over a three year period: 2017, 2018 and 2019.


UPDATE: On February 24, the attempt to overturn Mayor Michael Hancock's veto of the pit bull ban repeal failed in an 8 to 5 vote. Nine votes were needed to overcome the veto. The repeal's sponsor, Councilman Chris Herndon, will now try to place the initiative on the November ballot.


Denver, CO - On February 24, Denver City Council members will determine if they can override the mayor's veto of the pit bull ban repeal. Nine votes are required to overrule the veto. On February 14, Mayor Michael Hancock vetoed the legislation, slowing the rushed repeal effort. The proposed repeal, sponsored by City Councilman Chris Herndon, would have rescinded the city's 30-year old pit bull ban and allowed ownership of pit bulls under a "breed-restricted license."

Last week, we obtained Denver dog bite statistical data by breed and injury severity over a 3-year period through a public records request. The data shows that across all four injury severity categories, Levels 2, 3, 4 and 5, pit bulls are among the top six biting breeds. Despite their low population in Denver, pit bulls are also among the top three biting breeds for Level 4 and 5 bites, 5 being the most severe, and classified by a recent scientific medical study as a "mauling injury."1

Denver's Dog Bite Injury Scale

  • Level 2: Contact with the skin without puncture, or, at most, a shallow puncture with slight bleeding.
  • Level 3: One to four punctures from a single bite, with no puncture deeper than half of the dog's canine tooth. There may be a laceration from the dog or person pulling away.
  • Level 4: One to four punctures from a single bite with at least one being deeper than half the length of the dog's canine tooth. May include bruising if dog bore down, and may include lacerations in more than one direction.
  • Level 5: Multiple bites with at least two Level 4 bites.
  • See the related Ian Dunbar Bite Scale

Due to the fluctuation in the number of dog bites annually, we combined three years of data to analyze. There were a total of 704 biting incidents in 2017, 495 biting incidents in 2018 and 518 biting incidents in 2019. The combined total for the period was 1717 bites. Our main concern is the Level 3 to 5 bites. In the Level 3 bite category, pit bulls were the top fourth biting breed, inflicting 29 of these bites. The top most biter, Labrador retrievers, were responsible for 61 bites.

In the Level 4 bite category, pit bulls ranked third among the top biting breeds in Denver, inflicting 19 bites, surpassed by Labrador retrievers (25) and American bulldogs (21), a close cousin of the pit bull. Pit bulls even had more Level 4 bites than German shepherds. In the Level 5 bite category, pit bulls tied with boxers for second among the top biting breeds. Both breeds inflicted 5 of these severe bites, surpassed only by the American bulldog, which accounted for 8 bites.

Pit bulls have a small population in Denver because of the longstanding ban, but this did not stop them from achieving the title of a top biting breed. Last year in Kansas City, Missouri, which has a mandatory pit bull sterilization law, pit bulls still inflicted over four times more bites than any other breed. More ominously, five years after Pawtucket, Rhode Island was forced to lift its pit bull ban due to a state preemption law, annual bites by pit bulls increased by more than 10 times.

This is what Denver can expect to see if their ban is repealed, at least a 4-fold increase in pit bull bites across all injury levels in just 5 years.

Page two of our analysis shows Level 2 bites and bites with an unknown level of injury severity. Pit bulls rank within the top six biting breeds in both categories. In Denver, where pit bulls are banned, the breed even has a presence in the lowest bite level, inflicting 9% (35) among the top biting breeds. All common biting breeds outpaced pit bulls, including chihuahuas, Labrador retrievers and German shepherds. Pit bulls rank fourth in the unknown injury severity category as well.

The All Data Summary shows top biting breeds versus all other dog breeds combined. Of the total number of bites, 1717, pit bulls inflicted 5% of all Level 2 bites, 6% of Level 3 bites, 12% of Level 4 bites and 12% of Level 5 bites. About a quarter of all reported dog bites in Denver have unknown injury severity. Among the top biting breeds, only 8% (25) of bites by pit bulls had unknown injury severity, surpassed by both Labrador retrievers 13% (39) and German shepherds 11% (33).

Pit Bulls Routinely Lead Bites

Since 2013, pit bulls have led all biting incidents in jurisdictions in 19 states. From Louisville, Kentucky, where pit bulls inflicted nearly 3 times more bites than all other breeds, to Sacramento, California, where pit bulls inflicted over one-third of all bites, 4 times more than any other breed, to New York City, where pit bulls inflicted nearly 7 times more bites than the next closest breed, and to Gulfport, Mississippi, where pit bulls inflicted 10 times more bites than any other dog breed.

Most of the jurisdictions in our national bite report do not have breed-specific laws, but some do, including Kansas City and San Bernardino County, California, both of which have mandatory pit bull sterilization laws. Pit bulls are still the leading biters in both places. As Denver bite statistics show, pit bulls only need a small population to appear among the top biting breeds in a city or county. Only a small population is needed to appear in the most severe injury categories too.

Our analysis of Denver dog bite statistics is three years combined. So a 4-fold increase in Level 4 bites by pit bulls in a single year would move from 9 to 36 bites, obliterating the other top biting breeds in that category. Despite the modest enforcement of the Denver's ban, it is still preventing Level 4 and 5 bites by pit bulls and death. One motto for the public health industry is, "Laws can have a beneficial effect, even when there is little enforcement and some people flout the law."2

A Note on Top Biting Breeds

Similar to dog bite fatalities, where a small group of dog breeds inflict the vast majority of attacks, top biting breeds by far inflict more bites than other breeds. The 2019 dog bite chart from Kansas City clearly shows this. One sees 5 breeds (each inflicting 10 or more bites) producing a combined 234 bites, which is 70% of the total recorded dog bites (336), compared to 40 other dog breeds inflicting 9 and fewer bites each. It is statistically reasonable to focus on the top biting breeds.

The popularity of a dog breed within a community also plays a role in top biting breeds. In Denver, like in many other cities, Labrador retrievers and German shepherds are among the most popular dog breeds. As we see in Denver's dog bite statistics, function also plays a role. Fighting and baiting breeds like the American bulldog and pit bull terrier, show up disproportionately to their population numbers, likewise as do the robust herding breeds, like the Australian cattle dog.

San Francisco Dog Bite Statistics by Breed, Severity, Gender and Reproductive Status Over a Five Year Period (2014-2018)

In 2005, San Francisco became the first city to enact a mandatory pit bull sterilization law. In January 2019, we obtained five years of dog bite statistics from the city (2014-2018). California state law requires cities with breed-specific laws to track injury severity and reproductive status for all dog bites. The caveat of San Francisco's data is that it combines bites on humans and pets -- the two are indistinguishable. The city also has an inordinately high chihuahua population.

San Francisco tracks injury severity in five levels, similar to Denver, but with different names and definitions. As our focus on Denver concentrated on the more severe bites, we examined Level 3 Multiple Bites and Level 4 Mauling events in the San Francisco data. Pit bulls inflicted 46% (149 of 326) of injuries in this combined injury category, over twice the rate of any other top biting breed and over twice the rate of all other breeds combined, which includes 135 different dog breeds.

San Francisco Dog Bite Injury Scale

  • 0 Single Nip: Tooth contact on skin, puncture with possible bruising or skin scrapes due to lateral movement of teeth against the skin
  • 1 Single Bite: Single puncture with quick release. Possible bruising.
  • 2 Prolonged Bite: Single puncture with long release. Possible bruising. Possible laceration in one direction cause by pulling away, gravity.
  • 3 Multiple Bites: Multiple punctures. Punctures may be shallower than half length of canine teeth or deeper than the length of canine teeth or with slashes in both directions. Possible sutures. Bruising displays instantly. Depth indicates clamping down, slashes indicate grab-and-shake actions. Victim possibly hospitalized.
  • 4 Mauling: Multiple punctures or attack incidents. Punctures may be shallower than half length of canine teeth or deeper than the length of canine teeth or with slashes in both directions. Possible sutures. Bruising displays instantly. Depth indicates clamping down, slashes indicate grab-and-shake actions. Victim hospitalized or killed.

Page one shows the top biting breeds in all five bite levels. Noticeable right away is the large volume of chihuahua bites. Chihuahuas make up over one-third of all bites to humans and pets in the city and no doubt are highly popular. Chihuahuas, the "purse dog," have long had an extremely high population in California, so much so that even Hollister, 90 miles south of San Francisco, mandates the sterilization of pit bulls and chihuahuas to reduce their breeding.

Predictably, chihuahuas make up the bulk of the Level 0 and 1 bite categories combined, 39% (1,024 of 2,607). Pit bulls followed with 15% (393). Chihuahuas take a nosedive in the 2 Prolonged Bite category and dive even further as injury severity increases. Pit bulls lead all other breeds in Level 3 Multiple Bites, inflicting nearly 6 times more bites than German shepherds. In Level 4 Mauling injuries, pit bulls inflicted bites 9 times more frequently than Labrador retrievers.

Page two shows data of the reproductive status among biters, which is neutered, spayed and male and female unsterilized. Neutered dogs inflicted 55% of all dog bites to humans and pets. This held true, on average, across all injury severity levels too. In San Francisco, one is more likely to be bitten by a neutered dog than any other type. Neutered and spayed dogs combined inflicted 69% (162 of 236) of Level 3 Multiple Bites and 83% (75 of 90) of Level 4 Mauling events.

Page three shows the reproductive status broken down by the top four biting breeds. Here one can see the exceedingly high number of neutered, biting chihuahuas, making up 91% of all chihuahua bites -- 91%. The other three top biting breeds, pit bulls, German shepherds and Labrador retrievers have a more normalized biting ratio with 61% of biting pit bulls sterilized, 49% of biting German shepherds sterilized and 52.5% of biting Labrador retrievers sterilized.

Summary

As Denver dog bite statistics show, pit bulls only need a small population to rise to a top biting breed in a large city. Pit bulls already rank forth in Level 3 bites, third in Level 4 bites and rank second in Level 5 maulings, surpassed only by another pit bull-type, the American bulldog. Lifting the Denver ban, with or without a sterilization requirement, could result in a 4 or 5-fold increase in Level 3, 4 and 5 bite injuries in just five years. The citizens of Denver deserve better than that.

As statistics from San Francisco show, a mandatory pit bull sterilization law is not nearly as effective in reducing serious injuries as a ban. Pit bulls comprise 46% of attacks involving the most serious injuries in San Francisco, but only comprise 12% of these injuries in Denver. Even an imperfect pit bull ban with modest enforcement is better than no ban at all. Because, "laws can have a beneficial effect, even when there is little enforcement and some people flout the law."

Councilman Herndon has billed his repeal ordinance as a "compromise," but a compromise must involve two sides, victims of pit bull attacks and pit bull owners. The repeal legislation has no protections for victims whatsoever. The majority of pit bull owners are either uninsured renters or have a homeowner's policy that excludes pit bulls. Victims of pit bull attacks will not have access to civil recourse. A mandatory insurance requirement of $300,000 is the only true "compromise."

Without mandatory insurance, as was required under Denver's ordinance when existing pit bulls were grandfathered in back in 1989, few of these victims will be compensated for their injuries. It is clear that Herndon has no interest in the rights of pit bull mauling victims. His sole agenda is promoting the interests of pit bull owners over the health and safety of the Denver public and their pets. Some of these pets will be the first to suffer death inflicted by pit bulls under his repeal.

1"Mauling injuries were recorded when 3 or more bites occurred over 2 or more distinct regional anatomic areas, typically the craniofacial region, back, torso, and extremities." | Khan K, Horswell B and Samanta D, Dog-Bite Injuries to the Craniofacial Region: An Epidemiologic and Pattern-of-Injury Review at a Level 1 Trauma Center, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, [2019 Nov 14, Epub].
2David Hemenway, While We Were Sleeping, Success Stories in Injury and Violence Prevention, University of California Press, 2009 (Pg. 10).

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02/17/20: Pit Bulls Lead 'Bite' Counts Across U.S. Cities and Counties - DogsBite.org